红外传感器基于红外光反射原理,用于短距离测量,但易受环境光影响。超声波传感器通过发射高频声波,并测量回波时间来计算距离,常用于避障和测距,例如扫地机器人使用超声波传感器检测墙壁。主动信标(Active Beacons)可用于机器人导航,包括三边测量法(trilateration)和三角测量法(triangulation),实现高精度定位。激光测距仪(Laser Range Finder, LRF)使用激光束测量目标物体的精确距离。例如,自动驾驶汽车使用激光雷达(LiDAR)进行环境建模和目标检测。
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